The United States is home to the most powerful cybersecurity vendors on the planet. These companies don’t just sell products, they influence standards, embed themselves in national security supply chains, and shape global policy through their scale, threat intelligence, and lobbying power.
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This article identifies and evaluates real-world environments that function as Operational Technology (OT) systems but are typically treated as standard IT infrastructure. It outlines the cyber-physical risks of this misclassification and calls for a shift in risk posture, governance, and tooling to reflect the real operational realities of these spaces.
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This article defines Operational Technology (OT) as distinct from traditional IT, highlighting its core characteristics, such as real-time control, safety-critical processes, long-lifecycle assets, and minimal security by design. It is the first in a short series of articles that argues that failure to recognise OT environments as such leads to systemic cybersecurity blind spots, particularly in sectors like healthcare, logistics, and building management.
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Cybersecurity feels foundational today, but as a discipline, it is startlingly young. This article argues that cyber is still in its infancy, especially when compared to IT or financial governance, and outlines why this newness matters. From AI security and quantum disruption to the structural challenges facing certification, education, and regulation, the piece maps both future directions and the underlying trends shaping the field. In a world where cyber is everywhere, this article insists: we’re just getting started.
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This article explores how the word cyber evolved from its academic roots in cybernetics to its current role as shorthand for cybersecurity. It traces the rise of cyberpunk fiction, the growing association with digital threats in the 1990s, and how UK policy frameworks adopted and institutionalised the term, culminating in the creation of the National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC). From Greek etymology to modern geopolitics, cyber has shifted from describing control to denoting risk.
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This article explores the historical development and convergence of three foundational concepts in organisational security: risk assessment, risk management, governance, risk, and compliance (GRC). Tracing their origins in engineering, finance, and corporate governance, it charts their institutionalisation across the UK and their modern evolution into digital, real-time resilience frameworks that underpin enterprise cybersecurity and compliance today.
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This article traces the history of penetration testing from its military and intelligence roots in the 1960s to its formalisation through U.S. Tiger Teams and J.P. Anderson’s security frameworks. It follows the growth of pen testing into the commercial sector during the 1980s–90s, highlights key tooling milestones like SATAN, and explores its professionalisation in the 2000s via OWASP and PTaaS models. A dedicated UK section explains the roles of CESG, CHECK, CREST, and the NCSC in standardising and accrediting pen testing within British institutions. The article concludes with a reflection on how penetration testing continues to evolve in parallel with modern cyber threats.
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Cybersecurity in Europe is evolving quickly, driven by growing regulation (NIS2, Cyber Resilience Act), state-sponsored threats, and accelerating digital transformation. The result is a dynamic and diverse vendor landscape: large integrators defending entire ministries, regional champions supporting SMEs, and specialised firms leading in OT, AI security, and cyber risk quantification.
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The UK’s cybersecurity sector is home to thousands of providers, ranging from nimble startups and regional MSSPs to global consulting firms and homegrown risk intelligence platforms. While the National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) sets the tone for policy and technical guidance, it’s these vendors that translate strategy into services: monitoring networks, managing risk, conducting audits, and responding to breaches in real time.
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Cybersecurity has become a pillar of national security, digital economy growth, and global diplomacy. From ransomware attacks on hospitals to interference in democratic elections, governments worldwide now treat cyber threats as matters of statecraft, not just IT hygiene. While national strategies differ, a few shared patterns have emerged: defence of critical infrastructure, capacity building, and international coordination.
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The United States is arguably the most influential force in global cybersecurity, but its governance model is sprawling, federal, and often opaque to outsiders. Responsibility is distributed across military, civilian, and intelligence agencies, each with their own authorities, funding mechanisms, and strategic priorities.
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The European cybersecurity landscape is layered, fragmented, and fast-evolving. Unlike the centralised approaches of some governments, the EU’s model of collective sovereignty means cybersecurity is coordinated, rather than controlled by Brussels. National governments still manage their defence and digital sovereignty, but major funding, regulation, and cross-border frameworks increasingly come from the EU level.
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Understanding your stakeholder landscape is key to scaling effectively, especially in cybersecurity, where trust, standards, and adoption often hinge on who’s in the room. This article explores how Cyber Tzar, a cybersecurity scale-up specialising in supply chain risk and cyber risk scoring, applies the Stakeholder Mapping Grid to guide its strategic engagement.
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The definitive guide to who shapes cyber policy in Whitehall, and how to work with them.
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An extensive guide mapping the networks, policy engines, commercial power bases, and future-shapers of British cybersecurity.
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Influencing senior leaders in cybersecurity and technology is no small task, especially in the UK, where credibility, networks, and standards carry immense weight. Whether you’re a startup founder, a scale-up CISO, or a policy influencer, knowing where the key conversations happen (and who shapes them) can make the difference between being heard and being ignored.
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Exactly sixteen years on from my 2009 article on the UK’s economic imbalance, I reflect on how services continue to dominate GDP, while manufacturing still punches above its weight in R&D. I was right about the R&D gap, but missed the rise of intangible capital and startup-led innovation. Cybersecurity emerged as both a strategic asset and an innovation driver. Government efforts have been patchy, and real balance remains elusive. The future lies in resilience, not symmetry.
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A blunt critique of organisations that claim to be resilient but have never stress-tested their systems, rehearsed recovery under pressure, or practised failure in any meaningful way. The article challenges boardroom bravado and highlights the psychological and operational consequences of untested confidence, arguing that true resilience is earned through discomfort, not declared in policy.
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Two senior leaders, Sir Charlie Mayfield, former John Lewis chairman, and Sir Dan Moynihan, CEO of the Harris Federation, joined BBC Radio 4’s Today Programme on 1 May 2025 to discuss the impact of recent cyber attacks on Marks & Spencer, the Co-op, and UK schools. Their stories offer rare insight into how institutions respond to major breaches and what it really takes to recover.
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While applying for a parking permit, I discovered an expired SSL certificate on a council website, highlighting how small oversights in public services can expose broader cybersecurity risks. This real-world example shows why organisations must take indirect supply chain risk seriously, particularly in regions critical to national security.
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