The Canary Islands, a Spanish archipelago off Africa’s northwest coast, have a rich history spanning from their Berber-descended Guanche inhabitants to their modern role as a global tourist hub. Conquered by Spain in the 15th century after fierce resistance, the islands became vital in transatlantic trade, producing sugar and wine, and later facing piracy. Economic challenges prompted emigration to Latin America in the 19th century. The 20th century saw rapid modernisation, the rise of tourism, and autonomy in 1982. Today, the islands preserve their cultural heritage while thriving in tourism, agriculture, and scientific research.